Abstract The morphology of the foregut ossicles of representatives of four genera of Dilocarcinini were described to assess the usefulness of the ossicles as possible morphological characters in studies on the intrafamilial relationships of Trichodactylidae. Stomachs of specimens of Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1861, D. septemdentatus (Herbst, 1783), Moreirocarcinus emarginatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) and M. laevifrons (Moreira, 1901) were heated for 60 minutes in 10% KOH solution and then were stained with Alizarin Red 1% added into the KOH solution. The foregut ossicles of Dilocarcinini consists of 11 ossicles of the gastric mill, 10 of the lateral supporting cardiac region, 4 of the cardio-pyloric valve, 6 supporting the dorsal pyloric stomach, 9 supporting the ventral pylorus and bulb, 3 supporting the supra-ampullary region, 5 supporting the lateral pylorus region, totaling 48 ossicles and the following 34 are similar in shape, size and degree of calcification. The morphological differences between the majority of the ossicles were not very clear among the species, showing inconsistency intrageneric differences, however, species of different genera showed small similarities between them. There is a clear need for including more taxa in a comparative analysis, combined with external morphology and perhaps even molecular data to properly evaluate the phylogenetic relationships within Trichodactylidae and their systematic position within Brachyura.

ABSTRACT: The species composition and distribution of the pseudothelphusid and trichodactylid freshwater crabs from the state of Roraima, Brazil, are updated based mainly on documented records deposited in the collections of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Manaus) and the Museu Integrado de Roraima (Boa Vista). This paper provides records for the occurrence of ten species (six Pseudothelphusidae, four Trichodactylidae). Three species are recorded from Roraima for the first time: the pseudothelphusids Fredius beccarii (Coifmann, 1939) and Fredius fittkaui (Bott, 1967), and the trichodactylid Moreirocarcinus laevifrons (Moreira, 1901). The records of F. beccarii also represent the first documented occurrence of the species in Brazil. All species in the state are presented in maps that document their geographic distribution. Comments are made on the diversity of the Branco River crab fauna in comparision with diversity in other sub-basins of the Amazon River.

ABSTRACT The morphology of stomach ossicles of decapod crustaceans provides valuable information on their phylogeny and biology. We herein described ten new ossicles in the foreguts of two trichodactylid crabs, Sylviocarcinus pictus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853) and Valdivia serrata White, 1847, in addition to previously described 38 ossicles, which are also recognized and listed. Five specimens each of S. pictus and V. serrata were selected for morphological analysis of gastric ossicles. The stomachs were obtained after removing the carapace, and they were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 hours. After this procedure, the stomachs were immersed in a solution of 10% Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and heated to 100 °C during 60 minutes for tissue maceration. At this point, the clean skeletons were colored by adding 1% Alizarin Red to the KOH solution in order to facilitate visualization of the internal structures such as the setae and ossicles. The ten new ossicles are: dorsomedial cardiac plate; dorsolateral cardiac plate; suprapectineal lateral ossicle; inferior cardiac valve; lateral mesopyloric ossicle; ampullary roof-medium portion ossicle; process of the ampullary roof-upper portion; lateral-inferior post-ampullary plate; pleuro-pyloric valve’s ossicle; and lateral pleuro-pyloric plate. Some ossicles are thin plates that together with the main ossicles assist in the structure and support of the stomach, which are similar in the two species studied herein. The current knowledge on gastric ossicles will be useful in establishing taxonomic characters, which can evaluate phylogenetic relationships among brachyuran crabs.

Abstract Prof. Dr. Michael Türkay, curator of Crustacea in the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, unexpectedly passed away on 9th September 2015 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The Brazilian Crustacean Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia ˗ SBC, in Portuguese), taking into account Michael's outstanding contribution to carcinology, his strong interest in New World decapods (Neotropical freshwater crabs in particular), and his ties with Brazilian colleagues, decided to honor his memory and legacy with a special series of publications in Nauplius, the Society's scientific journal. In the present opening article to the SBC tribute, his contributions to the study of New World decapods, particularly freshwater ones, are reviewed, and some reminiscences of the scientific partnership and friendship with the author are presented.

Abstract This paper brings the description and illustrations of the abbreviated larval development of the Amazonian freshwater palaemonid shrimp, Macrobrachium inpa Kensley and Walker, 1982. The study was based on ovigerous females (mean total body length of 27.0 ± 1.64 mm) collected in a small forest stream in the Reserva Florestal Ducke, near Manaus, Brazil, of which four released their larvae in the laboratory. The females carried 8 to 19 eliptical (2.39 ± 0.10 X 1.67 ± 0.08 mm), yolk-rich eggs. The larval period consists of three benthic, lecithotrophic larval stages, and lasts 10-11 days. The newly-hatched larvae bear very advanced morphological features such as antenna with several marginal plumose seta on scaphocerite and long, multi-articulated flagellum; fully developed, functional uniramous pereiopods 3-5 (walking legs) and biramous pleopods. The morphology of the carapace, all appendages of the cephalothorax and pleon, and the tail fan are described in detail and illustrated. The larval form was considered to be a decapodid because of the benthic behavior and due to the fact that functional walking legs and pleopods are the main structures for displacement and propulsion. The larval development of M. inpa is compared with those of the so-called "continental" group of the caridean shrimps from the Amazon River basin.

Kingsleya castrensis sp. nov., a pseudothelphusid crab is described and illustrated from the Xingu River, state of Pará, southern Amazon region, Brazil. The new species is characterized by the male first gonopod bearing a large, well-developed apical plate, with a broadly rounded, thick distal lobe. New records of Kingsleya junki Magalhães, 2003 extend the distribution of this species eastward to the Tocantins River basin, in the state of Pará, Brazil.

The axial skeleton is a complex structure of cuticular origin, formed by sclerotic plates of thoracic sternite and pleurites as well as its internal invaginations. The ventral characters of the axial skeleton, reflected externally in the suture lines of the thoracic sternum, are an important classification criteria for the current suprageneric system of Trichodactylidae: (Trichodactylinae & Dilocarcininae (Dilocarcinini + Valdiviini)). In order to test this hypothesis, the internal and external characters of the axial skeleton of 42 adult crabs belonging to 17 species and 10 genera were examined. For the material preparation the crabs were dissected and their skeletons submerged in a hot solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) for a period of 24 to 48 hours. Variations in the shape, orientation and conformation of the thoracic sternum, pleural roof, ventral and dorsal phragmas and junction plate were described from anatomical preparations. Based on these characteristics, the species were separated into three groups, which are consistent with the proposed classification of Trichodactylidae into subfamilies and tribes. This study highlights the importance of the morphological characteristics of the axial skeleton for Trichodactylidae taxonomy.

El esqueleto axial es una estructura compleja de origen cuticular, formada a partir de las láminas esclerotizadas de los esternitos y pleuritos torácicos así como por sus invaginaciones internas. Los caracteres de la parte ventral del esqueleto axial, que se reflejan externamente en las líneas de sutura del esternón torácico, son criterios importantes en el actual sistema de supragenerico de Trichodactylidae: (Trichodactylinae y Dilocarcininae (Dilocarcinini + Valdiviini)). Con el objetivo de probar esa hipótesis de clasificación fue realizado el estudio anatómico del esqueleto axial de 43 individuos adultos, tanto machos como hembras, pertenecientes a 17 especies de 10 géneros de Trichodactylidae. Para la preparación del material, los individuos fueron diseccionados y sus esqueletos sumergidos, por un periodo de 24 a 48 horas, en una solución caliente de Hidróxido de Potasio (KOH). El análisis anatómico permitió describir un grupo de variaciones en la forma, orientación y conformación del esternón torácico, techo pleural, fragmas ventrales y dorsales, así como de la lámina de unión. De acuerdo con esas características las especies estudiadas fueron reunidas en tres grupos, siendo esas agrupaciones consistentes con la actual propuesta de clasificación de Trichodactylidae en subfamilias y tribus. El presente trabajo resalta la importancia informativa de la morfología del esqueleto axial para la taxonomía de Trichodactylidae.

During the last decades, knowledge on biodiversity of freshwater decapods has increased considerably; however, information about ecology of these crustaceans is scarce. Currently, the freshwater decapod fauna of Costa Rica is comprised by representatives of three families (Caridea: Palaemonidae and Atyidae; Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae). The present study aims to describe the species diversity and distribution of freshwater crabs inhabiting the basin of the Rio Grande de Térraba, Pacific slope of Costa Rica, where the Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) plans to implement one of the largest damming projects in the region. Samples were collected in 39 locations at an altitude ranging from 20 to 1,225 m. Sampling was carried out during several months in 2007, 2009 and 2010. We collected a total of 661 crabs, comprising eight species of Pseudothelphusidae of three genera, representing 53% of the 15 pseudothelphusid crab species currently recorded from Costa Rica. The most common species was Ptychophallus paraxanthusi followed by P. tristani. Freshwater crabs were more frequently encountered in the middle-low region of the basin (between 311 and 600 m) and less frequently in the medium-high basin (between 601 and 1,225 m). Ptychophallus paraxanthusi showed the widest distribution and was collected in altitudes ranging from 20 to 700 m. The Rio Grande de Térraba region can be considered as a relatively small, but highly diverse system. Therefore, any alteration of the basin of Rio Grande de Térraba, and especially the possible construction of a hydroelectric power plant, needs to be carefully analyzed to mitigate the damaging effects of this project on the freshwater crabs. More ecological information about freshwater crabs from Costa Rica and the Central American region are needed to reach a first reasonable overview on the ecological role of these decapods in freshwater systems.

El conocimiento de la biodiversidad de decápodos de agua dulce ha aumentado considerablemente durante las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, información sobre la ecología de estos crustáceos es limitada. Actualmente, la fauna de los decápodos de agua dulce está compuesta por representantes de tres familias (Caridea: Palaemonidae y Atyidae; Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae). El presente estudio describe la diversidad de especies y la distribución de cangrejos de agua dulce de la cuenca del Río Grande de Térraba, vertiente Pacífica de Costa Rica, donde el Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) está planeando construir una de las plantas hidroeléctricas más grandes de la región. Las muestras fueron recolectadas en 39 localidades a una altitud entre 20 y 1.225 m. El muestreo se efectuó durante varios meses de los años 2007, 2009 y 2010. Se colectó un total de 661 cangrejos de ocho especies de Pseudothelphusidae de tres géneros, lo que representa un 53% de las 15 especies de Pseudothelphusidae actualmente reportado para Costa Rica. La especie más frecuentes fue Ptychophallus paraxanthusi, seguida por P. tristani. Los cangrejos de agua dulce fueron más frecuentes en la región medio-baja de la Cuenca (entre 311 y 600 m) y menos frecuentes en la región medio-alta (entre 601 y 1.225 m). Ptychophallus paraxanthusi demostró la distribución más amplia y fue colectado en altitudes entre 20 y 700 m. Se puede considerar el Río Grande de Térraba un sistema pequeño, pero altamente diverso. Por lo tanto, cualquier alteración de la Cuenca del Rio Grande de Térraba, y especialmente la posible construcción de la planta hidroeléctrica, requiere un análisis cuidadoso para mitigar efectos dañinos de este proyecto sobre los cangrejos de agua dulce. Se requiere más información ecológica sobre los cangrejos de agua dulce de Costa Rica y la región de Centro América para obtener una primera visión razonable del rol ecológico de estos decápodos en los sistemas dulceacuícolas.

Freshwater prawns are distributed in rivers and streams of inland and brackish waters throughout America. In Brazilian waters are registered 35 species into 4 families (Atyidae, Euryrhynchidae, Palaemonidae, and Sergestidae). Information about the geographic distribution of this fauna is scattered in the literature and frequently not founded on documented data in scientific collections. Here we examined a series of specimens and detected several new records and extension of the known distribution of some freshwater shrimps in Brazil.

Los langostinos de agua dulce se distribuyen en los ríos y arroyos de aguas continentales y salobres en toda América. En aguas brasileñas se registran 35 especies pertenecientes a 4 familias (Atyidae, Euryrhynchidae, Palaemonidae y Sergestidae). La información bibliográfica sobre la distribución geográfica de esta fauna es dispersa y con frecuencia obtenida de las colecciones científicas. En este estudio se examinaron una serie de muestras en las cuales se presentan varios registros nuevos de la distribución reconocida para algunos camarones de agua dulce de Brasil.

The taxonomy of two trichodactyline genera of the Neotropical freshwater crab family Trichodactylidae are revised. The genus Avotrichodactylus Pretzmann, 1968, includes two species, A. constrictus (Pearse, 1911) and A. oaxensis Rodríguez, 1992; the genus Rodriguezia Bott, 1969, also has two species, R. mensabak Cottarelli and Argano, 1977, and R. villalobosi (Rodríguez and Manrique, 1967). The taxonomic statuses of all the species are discussed and a short diagnosis is provided for each. A complete list of the material examined and a map of geographic distribution of the species are furnished.

É apresentado o catálogo dos espécimes-tipo de Isoptera, Mantodea, Orthoptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera e Zoraptera depositados na Coleção de Invertebrados do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brasil, atualizado até dezembro de 2007. É relacionado um total de sete holótipos e sete lotes de parátipos de nove espécies de Isoptera; três holótipos e um parátipo de três espécies de Mantodea; cinco holótipos e cinco lotes de parátipos de cinco espécies de Mecoptera; oito holótipos e cinco lotes de parátipos de 11 espécies de Orthoptera; três holótipos, três neótipos e dois lotes de parátipos de sete espécies de Plecoptera; seis holótipos e sete lotes de parátipos de dez espécies de Trichoptera; e dois holótipos e três lotes de parátipos de três espécies de Zoraptera. São listados alfabeticamente em cada família os nomes das espécies, seguidos da citação bibliográfica, nome original do gênero, categoria do tipo, número de registro na coleção, dados de localidade e comentários quando pertinentes.

A catalogue of the type specimens of Isoptera, Mantodea, Mecoptera, Orthoptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, and Zoraptera deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, is presented and updated to December, 2007. A total of eight holotypes and seven lots of paratypes of nine species of Isoptera; three holotypes and one paratype of three species of Mantodea; five holotypes and five lots of paratypes of five species of Mecoptera; eight holotypes and five lots of paratypes of eleven species of Orthoptera; three holotypes, three neotypes and two lots of paratypes of seven species of Plecoptera; six holotypes and seven lots of paratypes of ten species of Trichoptera; and two holotypes and three lots of paratypes of three species of Zoraptera, are listed. Specific names are listed alphabetically within the family, followed by bibliographic citation, original genus name, status of type, collection number, locality data and remarks when appropriate.

É apresentado um catálogo dos espécimes-tipo de Collembola, Diplura, Archaeognatha, Ephemeroptera e Blattaria depositados na Coleção de Invertebrados do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brasil, atualizado até junho de 2007. É relacionado um total de 22 holótipos e 18 lotes de parátipos de 22 espécies de Collembola; um holótipo e um lote de parátipos de uma espécie de Diplura; quatro holótipos e quatro parátipos de quatro espécies de Archaeognatha; dez holótipos e sete lotes de parátipos de 11 espécies de Ephemeroptera e um holótipo e dois lotes de parátipos de uma espécie de Blattaria. São listados alfabeticamente em cada família os nomes das espécies, seguidos da citação bibliográfica, nome original do gênero, categoria do tipo, número de registro na coleção e dados de localidade.

A catalogue of type specimens of Collembola, Diplura, Archaeognatha, Ephemeroptera, and Blattaria deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, is presented and updated to June, 2007. It contains a total of 22 holotypes and 18 lots of paratypes of 22 species of Collembola; one holotype and one paratype of one species of Diplura; four holotypes and four paratypes of four species of Archaeognatha; 10 holotypes and thirteen lots of paratypes of 11 species of Ephemeroptera; and one holotype and two lots of paratypes of one species of Blattaria. Specific names are listed alphabetically within family, followed by bibliographical citation, original genus name, status of type, collection number and locality data.

Avalia-se resumidamente a situação atual do conhecimento sobre a diversidade dos crustáceos decápodos de água doce da região do Escudo das Guianas com base em informações obtidas da literatura científica e dados inéditos de trabalhos acadêmicos, relatórios técnicos e coleções carcinológicas. A fauna de decápodos da região está atualmente constituída por 64 espécies e subespécies em seis famílias e 17 gêneros. Relaciona-se a diversidade por país, bacias e rios, faz-se comentários sobre espécies endêmicas, raras ou ameaçadas, e apresenta-se informações sobre a literatura taxonômica relevante de cada grupo. Em relação aos crustáceos decápodos, sugere-se sete áreas prioritárias para ações conservacionistas e relaciona-se essas áreas com as 25 áreas prioritárias definidas pelo Grupo de Trabalho em Peixes e Organismos Dulcícolas no "Guayana Shield Conservation Priority Setting Workshop", realizado em Paramaribo (Suriname), em abril de 2002.

The current state of knowledge of freshwater decapod crustacean diversity of the Guayana Shield Region is briefly assessed, based upon information gathered from the scientific literature as well as unpublished data from academic theses, technical reports, and carcinological collections. The decapod fauna of the region is presently known to include 64 species and subspecies within six families and 17 genera. Diversity by countries, basins, and rivers is listed, comments on endemic, rare or threatened species are made, and information about relevant taxonomic literature is presented. Seven priority areas for conservation actions concerning crustacean decapods are suggested and related to the 25 priority areas defined by the Fishes and Freshwater Working Group at the Guayana Shield Conservation Priority Setting Workshop, held at Paramaribo (Suriname) in April 2002.

É apresentado o catálogo dos espécimes-tipo dos filos Acanthocephala, Nematoda e Rotifera depositados na Coleção de Invertebrados do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brasil, atualizado até julho de 2005. É relacionado um total de três holótipos e seis lotes de parátipos de três espécies de Acanthocephala; nove holótipos e 16 lotes de parátipos de nove espécies de Nematoda; e 12 holótipos, seis lectótipos, nove lotes de parátipos e cinco lotes de paralectótipos de 23 espécies e subespécies de Rotifera. São listados alfabeticamente em cada família os nomes das espécies e subespécies, seguidos da citação bibliográfica, nome original do gênero, categoria do tipo, número de registro na coleção, dados de localidade (hospedeiro e sítio de infecção no caso de espécies parasitas) e comentários quando pertinentes. São relacionados, na lista de referências, os artigos nos quais a descrição original dos táxons foi publicada.

The catalogue of type specimens of the phyla Acanthocephala, Nematoda and Rotifera deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, is presented and updated to July, 2005. A total of three holotypes and six lots of paratypes of three species of Acanthocephala; nine holotypes and 16 lots of paratypes of nine species of Nematoda; and 12 holotypes, six lectotypes, nine lots of paratypes and five lots of paralectotypes of 23 species and subspecies of Rotifera are listed. Specific and subspecific names are listed alphabetically within family, followed by bibliographic citation, original genus name, status of type, collection number, locality data (host and site of infection for parasitic species), and remarks where appropriate. A list of references containing the papers in which the taxa were first described is furnished.

Os Yanomami são um grupo de índios que habitam a floresta tropical úmida ao longo da fronteira entre Brasil e Venezuela. Eles dependem da caça, da agricultura e da coleta de produtos da floresta para a sua sobrevivência, sendo os crustáceos um dos itens alimentares mais apreciados. São descritos aspectos taxonômicos e etnozoológicos dos índios Yanomami da aldeia de Balawa-ú, no estado do Amazonas, Brasil, relacionados aos crustáceos. Informações e espécimes foram coletados de agosto a dezembro de 2003. Foram realizadas entrevistas com habitantes da aldeia com enfoque nas espécies exploradas, nomes indígenas, modos de captura e utilização. Foram registradas uma espécie de camarão da família Palaemonidae (Macrobrachium brasiliense), duas espécies de caranguejos da família Trichodactylidae (Sylviocarcinus pictus, Valdivia serrata) e duas da família Pseudothelphusidae (Fredius fittkaui, F. platyacanthus). Os nomes indígenas usados para elas são: shuhu, para o camarão, oko e peimatherimi para cada um dos caranguejos pseudotelfusídeos, e hesiki tôtôrema para ambas as espécies de caranguejos tricodactilídeos.

The Yanomami are a group of South American Indians that live in the rainforest along the borderlands of Brazil and Venezuela. They depend on hunting, gardening and wild food for survival; crustaceans are a highly prized food item in their diet. Taxonomical and ethnozoological aspects of the Yanomami Indians of the Balawa-ú village, state of Amazonas, Brazil, related to the crustaceans are described. Information and specimens were obtained from August to December, 2003. Interviews were conducted with residents of the village and focused on questions about species exploited, indigenous names, modes of capture and use of the species. One shrimp species of the family Palaemonidae (Macrobrachium brasiliense) and two crab species of Trichodactylidae (Sylviocarcinus pictus, Valdivia serrata) as well as two of Pseudothelphusidae (Fredius fittkaui, F. platyacanthus) were recorded. The indigenous names applied to these species are: shuhu, for shrimp, oko and peimatherimi for each of the two pseudothelphusid crabs, and hesiki tôtôrema for both trichodactylid crabs.